Transmission via plants of an insect pathogenic bacterium that does not multiply or move in plants

A bacterial parasite (designated as BEV) of the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus, which is passed transovarially to offspring, was transmitted from insect to insect via feeding of the insects in plants. The rate of bacterial infection of leafhoppers fed upon plants that had previously been exposed to BEV-infected leafhoppers declined with an increase in the time that infected leafhoppers had been off rye grass. Transmission of BEV also occurred on sugar beet and barley but not celery. The bacterium was also transmitted to and acquired from membrane-encased artificial diets. There was no evidence that the bacterium was transmitted via plant surfaces, but transmission and direct culture assays from plants indicated that the bacterium did not multiply or move within plants. This parasite-host relationship may represent a primitive stage in either the evolution of intracellular symbiosis with its insect host or to alternative parasitization of plant and insect hosts via insect transmission, as is the case for insect-vectored plant pathogens.