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[Aconitine analogues in wild Aconitum plants: contents toxicity to mice and decrease by boiling].

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Botany
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Aconitum plants contain toxic alkaloids known as aconitine analogues (ACs).
  • Understanding the relationship between AC content and toxicity is crucial for Aconitum plant safety.
  • Previous studies have not fully quantified ACs across different plant parts and correlated them with toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simultaneously determine four ACs (aconitine, hypaconitine, jesaconitine, mesaconitine) in wild Aconitum species.
  • To elucidate the relationship between AC content and observed toxicity in mice.
  • To investigate the fate of ACs during food preparation, specifically boiling.

Main Methods:

  • Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed for simultaneous AC determination.
  • Toxicity studies involved oral administration of Aconitum extracts and pure ACs to mice.
  • AC stability and transformation during boiling were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Aconitum japonicum roots showed high AC concentrations (928.1 μg/g), correlating with observed toxicity in mice.
  • Aconitum okuyamae roots, lacking ACs, did not cause toxic symptoms.
  • Boiling Aconitum leaves for 0.5 minutes reduced ACs by 68.4% (31.6% remaining in leaves, 54.5% in boiling water).
  • Mesaconitine (MA) hydrolyzed to benzoylmesaconine during boiling.

Conclusions:

  • A strong correlation exists between AC content in Aconitum plants and their toxicity.
  • Boiling Aconitum can reduce AC levels but may form other toxic compounds like benzoylmesaconine, explaining poisoning incidents.
  • Accurate quantification of ACs is essential for assessing Aconitum plant risks.