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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

1.0K
Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry
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Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry

Published on: October 29, 2020

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Antibiotics for sore throat.

Anneliese Spinks1, Paul P Glasziou, Chris B Del Mar

  • 1School of Medicine, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia, 4031.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|November 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibiotics offer modest benefits for sore throat, reducing symptoms like fever and soreness. While they help prevent complications such as rheumatic fever and otitis media, many patients require treatment for a single benefit.

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A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Primary Care Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sore throat is a frequent primary care complaint, often treated with antibiotics despite typically self-remitting.
  • The efficacy and necessity of antibiotic prescriptions for sore throat warrant careful evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically assess the benefits of antibiotic therapy for patients experiencing sore throat in primary care settings.
  • To quantify the impact of antibiotics on symptom duration, severity, and the incidence of suppurative and non-suppurative complications.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases was conducted.
  • Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing antibiotic treatment versus placebo for sore throat were included.
  • Data extraction and analysis were performed independently by two reviewers, with efforts to obtain additional data from trial authors.

Main Results:

  • Antibiotics reduced throat soreness and fever by approximately 50% by day three, with a number needed to treat (NNTB) of less than six.
  • A significant reduction in acute rheumatic fever (risk ratio [RR] 0.27) and acute otitis media (RR 0.30) was observed with antibiotic use.
  • Antibiotic effectiveness on symptom reduction was greater when Streptococcus was confirmed by throat swab (RR 0.58 at day three).

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotics provide relative benefits for sore throat, primarily by shortening symptom duration by about 16 hours.
  • The absolute benefits are modest, with a high NNTB required to prevent complications in high-income countries.
  • Targeted antibiotic use, guided by diagnostic tests like throat swabs, may optimize treatment outcomes.