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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

16.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
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Stable three-dimensional metallic carbon with interlocking hexagons.

Shunhong Zhang1, Qian Wang, Xiaoshuang Chen

  • 1Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers predict stable 3D metallic carbon phases, T6- and T14-carbon, using interlocking hexagons. These novel carbon allotropes are dynamically, mechanically, and thermally stable under ambient conditions and potentially synthesizable from common molecules.

Keywords:
carbon materialselectronic structuremetallicitystability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • The quest for metallic carbon stable at ambient conditions has been a significant challenge in materials science.
  • Previous metallic carbon phases, like K4 and high-pressure cubic structures, require extreme conditions for stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict and theoretically confirm the existence of novel 3D metallic carbon phases stable under ambient conditions.
  • To explore potential synthetic routes for these predicted carbon allotropes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced theoretical calculations to predict new carbon structures.
  • Assessing the dynamic, mechanical, and thermal stability of the predicted T6- and T14-carbon phases.
  • Investigating chemical synthesis pathways using benzene and polyacene precursors.

Main Results:

  • Prediction of two new 3D metallic carbon phases, designated T6-carbon and T14-carbon, characterized by interlocking hexagonal structures.
  • Theoretical confirmation of the dynamic, mechanical, and thermal stability of T6- and T14-carbon under ambient conditions.
  • Identification of potential chemical synthesis routes from readily available molecules like benzene and polyacenes.

Conclusions:

  • The theoretical prediction and validation of T6- and T14-carbon represent a breakthrough in the search for ambient-stable metallic carbon.
  • These findings open new avenues for the experimental synthesis and application of novel carbon materials.
  • The proposed synthetic pathways offer a feasible approach to realizing these unique carbon structures in practice.