Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements01:28

Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements

782
Concrete pavement joints are essential for maintaining the structural integrity and longevity of pavement by controlling where and how the pavement cracks. These joints can be categorized based on their functions, such as contraction or control joints, construction joints, isolation joints, and expansion joints.
Contraction joints are typically formed by sawing a groove into the concrete shortly after it has hardened. This creates a weakened vertical plane, deliberately encouraging cracking at...
782
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

5.9K
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
5.9K
Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

4.2K
Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
4.2K
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

8.9K
Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
8.9K
Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete01:28

Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

672
Non-structural cracks are primarily of three types: plastic, early-age thermal, and drying shrinkage cracks. Plastic cracks are further classified into plastic shrinkage cracks and plastic settlement cracks.
Plastic shrinkage cracks typically form within hours after the concrete is poured. The concrete's surface dries faster than the bottom, creating tensile stress that the still-plastic concrete cannot withstand, leading to diagonal or randomly patterned cracks on the concrete surface.
672
Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

490
Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
490

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Crack patterns of black ink film: sumi-wari.

Soft matter·2026
Same author

Wrinkling and imaging of thin curved sheets.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Topological transition in filamentous cyanobacteria: from motion to structure.

Communications physics·2024
Same author

Soft matter physics of the ground beneath our feet.

Soft matter·2024
Same author

Dynamics of drying colloidal suspensions, measured by optical coherence tomography.

Soft matter·2024
Same author

Correction: 'Drying paint: from micro-scale dynamics to mechanical instabilities' (2017), by Goehring <i>et al.</i>

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
06:55

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling

Published on: August 5, 2016

7.3K

Evolving fracture patterns: columnar joints, mud cracks and polygonal terrain.

Lucas Goehring1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, , Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|November 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cracking patterns in contracting layers can be rectilinear or hexagonal. This study shows how identical forces can create both patterns and how rectilinear cracks can evolve into hexagonal ones with repeated cycles.

Keywords:
columnar jointsfracturemud crackspattern formationpolygonal terrain

More Related Videos

Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip
08:43

Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip

Published on: September 29, 2023

1.8K
Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents
06:59

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents

Published on: August 14, 2018

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
06:55

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling

Published on: August 5, 2016

7.3K
Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip
08:43

Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip

Published on: September 29, 2023

1.8K
Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents
06:59

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents

Published on: August 14, 2018

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Fracture Mechanics

Background:

  • Crack patterns in contracting layers, such as rectilinear and hexagonal, provide insights into formation processes.
  • Rectilinear patterns suggest sequential crack formation at right angles, while hexagonal patterns indicate repeated opening/healing cycles or intermittent advance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate how identical forces can produce both rectilinear and hexagonal crack patterns.
  • To explain the evolution of rectilinear crack patterns towards hexagonal ones under cyclic stress.
  • To compare these findings with natural crack formations in various geological and material contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of crack formation under identical forces.
  • Simulation of crack evolution through multiple opening and healing cycles.
  • Comparative analysis of model patterns with natural crack examples.

Main Results:

  • Both rectilinear and hexagonal crack patterns can originate from the same applied forces.
  • Rectilinear patterns can transition to hexagonal patterns over successive cracking cycles.
  • The evolution is driven by cracks being guided by previous cycles but with slight variations in position and order.

Conclusions:

  • The study unifies the understanding of different crack pattern formations under varying cyclic conditions.
  • The findings have implications for interpreting natural crack networks in diverse environments.
  • The evolution mechanism provides a framework for understanding pattern changes in materials undergoing repeated stress.