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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and...
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Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides
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Three-dimensional metallic boron nitride.

Shunhong Zhang1, Qian Wang, Yoshiyuki Kawazoe

  • 1Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Boron nitride (BN) is typically an insulator. Researchers propose a new tetragonal phase of BN that is dynamically stable and metallic, driven by delocalized B 2p electrons.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Boron nitride (BN) and carbon share analogous structures (1D nanotubes, 2D nanosheets, 3D diamond) due to sp2 and sp3 bonding.
  • Unlike carbon, BN is consistently an electrical insulator across all dimensions and structures.
  • Existing BN materials are limited in applications requiring electrical conductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically propose and investigate a novel phase of boron nitride (BN).
  • To determine the structural stability and electronic properties of this proposed BN phase.
  • To explore the potential of this new BN phase for advanced material applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing state-of-the-art theoretical calculations.
  • Performing dynamical stability analysis.
  • Analyzing band structure, density of states, and electron localization function.

Main Results:

  • A novel tetragonal phase of boron nitride (BN) was theoretically proposed.
  • This tetragonal BN phase was found to be dynamically stable.
  • The proposed BN phase exhibits metallic behavior due to delocalized B 2p electrons.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of a metallic, stable tetragonal BN phase challenges conventional understanding of BN's insulating nature.
  • The metallic properties stem from delocalized B 2p electrons, confirmed by electronic structure analysis.
  • This metallic BN could enable new materials beyond ceramics and applications in electronic devices.