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Compost maturity assessment using physicochemical, solid-state spectroscopy, and plant bioassay analysis.

D Senthil Kumar1, P Satheesh Kumar, N M Rajendran

  • 1Department of Zoology, Kandaswami Kandar College , Paramathi Velur-638 182, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|November 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Biofertilizer-treated flower waste vermicompost matures effectively, indicated by neutral pH, a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (< 20), and enhanced mineral content. This maturity positively impacts the germination index of black gram (Vigna mungo).

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Vermicomposting is a sustainable method for managing organic waste, such as flower waste.
  • Biofertilizer inoculation can enhance the composting process and the quality of the final vermicompost.
  • Assessing compost maturity is crucial for ensuring its efficacy and safety for agricultural use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the maturity of vermicompost produced from flower waste inoculated with biofertilizers.
  • To compare the maturity of biofertilizer-treated vermicompost with control samples.
  • To determine the impact of vermicompost maturity on plant growth, specifically the germination index.

Main Methods:

  • Physicochemical analysis including pH, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio.
  • Solid-state spectroscopic analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Carbon-13 Cross-Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((13)C CPMAS NMR).
  • Plant bioassay using the germination index of black gram (Vigna mungo) to assess compost maturity.

Main Results:

  • Vermicompost pH shifted towards neutral, and the C:N ratio decreased to below 20, indicating maturity.
  • Reduced organic carbon and increased total nitrogen levels were observed, signifying the breakdown of complex organic matter.
  • Spectroscopic analysis revealed the transformation of complex organic materials into simpler minerals, with increased aliphatic portions attributed to microbial synthesis within the earthworm gut.
  • The germination index of Vigna mungo was positively influenced by the maturity of the experimental vermicompost.

Conclusions:

  • Vermicompost produced from biofertilizer-inoculated flower waste achieves maturity through physicochemical and spectroscopic changes.
  • The reduction of complex organic compounds to minerals confirms the maturity of the vermicompost.
  • Plant bioassays demonstrate that mature vermicompost positively affects seed germination, validating its quality for agricultural application.