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Updated: May 6, 2026

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
Published on: September 15, 2016
Autoantigens: novel forms and presentation to the immune system
Hester A Doyle1, Mei-Ling Yang, Maurice T Raycroft
1Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA.
Lupus autoimmunity involves genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. This review focuses on non-genetic influences like protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) and autoantigen presentation in lupus pathogenesis and diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Lupus autoimmunity exhibits diverse abnormalities from cellular to nuclear levels.
- Disease expression involves genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, leading to autoantibodies and tissue damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review non-genetic factors contributing to lupus autoimmunity.
- To explore the role of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) in lupus.
- To discuss PTMs' impact on diagnosis and autoantigen presentation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on non-genetic factors in lupus.
- Analysis of mechanisms underlying "modified self" recognition in autoimmunity.
- Examination of autoantigen presentation pathways.
Main Results:
- Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in triggering lupus autoimmunity.
- PTMs influence the diagnostic criteria and progression of lupus.
- Altered autoantigen presentation pathways perpetuate chronic autoimmune disease.
Conclusions:
- Understanding non-genetic factors, especially PTMs, is vital for lupus research.
- PTMs represent a significant area for developing lupus diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
- Targeting autoantigen presentation may offer new avenues for managing chronic lupus.
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