Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 6, 2026

Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease
Published on: February 9, 2016
Effect of anionic macromolecules on intestinal permeability of furosemide
Hadi Valizadeh1, Hadi Fahimfar, Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
1Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran .
Context:
Furosemide is an anionic molecule and has very low absorption in gastro intestinal tract.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anionic macromolecules on the intestinal permeability of Furosemide.
Materials And Methods:
The intestinal permeability of Furosemide was determined using single-pass intestinal perfusion technique in rats. Briefly a jejunal segment of ∼10 cm was isolated and cannulated in both ends for inlet and outlet solution. The perfusate was collected every 10 min and samples were analyzed using the RP-HPLC method. Test samples containing furosemide and two anionic macromolecules, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and sodium alginate, at different concentrations were used.
Results:
The obtained data showed that existence of Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose significantly increased the Peff values in all three investigated concentrations (p < 0.05) but sodium alginate only in concentrations <0.1% increased drug permeability.
Discussion:
It is concluded that the anionic macromolecules at specific concentrations could alter the permeability of anionic drugs across the biological membranes.
Conclusions:
Donnan phenomenon and chelating property of macromolecules could be attributed to the observed effect.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement
Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability
Small molecules with a molecular weight below 500 to 600 Daltons can easily pass through the capillary membrane, gaining access to different tissues. Larger...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport
Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption

