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How innocent is corpus callosum dysgenesis?
Fatih Serhat Erol1, Sait Ozturk, Bekir Akgun
1Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
Insights
Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) in pediatric patients is often associated with asymptomatic closed spinal dysraphisms (CSDs). Early evaluation for CSD in cases of CCD is crucial for timely intervention and preventing neurological deficits.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) is a congenital brain abnormality.
- Closed spinal dysraphisms (CSDs) are developmental anomalies of the spine.
- The relationship between CCD and asymptomatic CSDs requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) and asymptomatic closed spinal dysraphisms (CSDs).
- To determine the prevalence of CSDs in pediatric patients diagnosed with CCD.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 2,840 pediatric patients evaluated between 2005 and 2013.
- Cranial MRI identified 85 patients with CCD.
- Whole spinal vertebral MRI was performed on these 85 patients to detect CSDs.
Main Results:
- 36.4% (31/85) of patients with CCD showed radiological findings of CSD.
- Low-lying conus medullaris was the most common finding (26/31), followed by diastematomyelia (16/31) and spinal lipoma (4/31).
Conclusions:
- Asymptomatic CSDs frequently accompany CCD, indicating a shared developmental origin.
- Early and comprehensive neuroaxis evaluation, including spinal MRI, is recommended for all patients with CCD.
- A multidisciplinary approach is essential for managing these complex neurodevelopmental conditions.
Background/Aims:
We aimed to investigate the relationship between corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) and associated asymptomatic closed spinal dysraphisms (CSDs).
Methods:
2,840 pediatric patients who were referred to our outpatient clinic between the years 2005 and 2013 with the diagnosis of microcephaly, macrocephaly, congenital hydrocephaly, epilepsy, mental-motor retardation and suspicion of intracranial mass were evaluated. Eighty-five patients were identified with a CCD by cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The 85 patients with CCD were evaluated by whole spinal vertebral MRI for possible CSD and the results were evaluated.
Results:
31/85 (36.4%) patients (20 males, 11 females) were detected to have radiological findings of CSD. The most common radiological finding was a low-lying conus medullaris, either alone, or as part of a multiple pathology in 26 of the 31 patients, followed by diastematomyelia in 16 of 31 cases and spinal lipoma in 4 of the 31 cases.
Conclusion:
When the neuroaxis emerges as a whole, the structures of embryological ectodermal origin and cranial and spinal structures are not independent regions from each other and thus, asymptomatic CSDs have been demonstrated to accompany CCD. In diseases of neural origin in which early diagnosis is of the utmost importance, each case with dysgenesis, diagnosed incidentally or during differential diagnosis, should be evaluated for possible CSD and should be treated with a multidisciplinary approach before any neurological deficit appears.
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