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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Building An Open-source Robotic Stereotaxic Instrument
11:40

Building An Open-source Robotic Stereotaxic Instrument

Published on: October 29, 2013

14.3K

Building an open-source robotic stereotaxic instrument.

Kevin R Coffey1, David J Barker, Sisi Ma

  • 1Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|November 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a low-cost robotic (CNC) stereotaxic instrument upgrade for scientific research, enabling custom surgical procedures with enhanced precision and flexibility. The system utilizes readily available components and open-source software for broader accessibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Standard stereotaxic instruments offer limited functionality for complex surgical tasks.
  • Commercial robotic stereotaxic systems are often prohibitively expensive for many research labs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a cost-effective protocol for upgrading existing stereotaxic instruments into a robotic (CNC) system.
  • To enable custom surgical procedures with high precision using affordable, industry-standard components.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized industry-standard stepper motors and CNC controlling software to retrofit a stereotaxic instrument.
  • Developed custom scripts for simplified G-code generation, allowing users without programming knowledge to design surgeries.
  • Implemented variable speed control for simultaneous or independent operation of each axis.

Main Results:

  • The upgraded robotic stereotaxic instrument can be built for approximately $1,000, excluding a drill.
  • The system supports custom tasks like drilling, craniotomies, skull thinning, and precise electrode/cannula placement.
  • Achieved high precision with a stepper motor resolution of 0.346°/Step (2.88 μm/step equivalent).

Conclusions:

  • This DIY robotic stereotaxic system provides a flexible and affordable alternative to commercial systems.
  • The open coding system (G-code) and custom scripts enhance its applicability for a wide range of neurosurgical research.
  • Knowledge of programming and G-coding is beneficial for maximizing the system's capabilities.