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Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Racial/ethnic differences in dyslipidemia patterns.

Ariel T H Frank1, Beinan Zhao, Powell O Jose

  • 1Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA (A.T.H.F., B.Z., P.O.J., K.M.J.A., L.P.P.) and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research Northwest, Portland, OR (S.P.F.).

Circulation
|November 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Racial and ethnic minorities, excluding Black individuals, exhibit higher rates of high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol. These dyslipidemia disparities may influence cardiovascular disease risk across diverse populations.

Keywords:
epidemiologyhyperlipoproteinemiaslipidslipoproteinspharmaceutical preparationsrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Limited research exists on dyslipidemia prevalence across diverse racial/ethnic minority groups.
  • Understanding these disparities is crucial for targeted cardiovascular disease prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial and ethnic variations in dyslipidemia prevalence.
  • To compare dyslipidemia subtypes among Asian Americans, Mexican Americans, and Black individuals against non-Hispanic whites.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a 3-year cross-sectional dataset (2008-2011) of over 169,000 adult primary care patients.
  • Calculation of age-standardized prevalence rates for high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and high LDL cholesterol.
  • Multivariable logistic regression used to determine odds ratios, adjusting for age, BMI, and smoking status.

Main Results:

  • Most minority subgroups showed increased high triglyceride prevalence compared to non-Hispanic whites, with Black individuals as an exception.
  • Increased low HDL cholesterol was observed in most minority groups, excluding Japanese and Black individuals.
  • Asian Indians, Filipinos, Japanese, and Vietnamese demonstrated higher high LDL cholesterol prevalence than non-Hispanic whites.

Conclusions:

  • Minority groups, with the exception of Black individuals, are more prone to combined high triglyceride/low HDL cholesterol dyslipidemia.
  • Further investigation is required to link observed racial/ethnic dyslipidemia differences with cardiovascular disease disparities.