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Babu Lal Jangir1, R Mahaprabhu1, Santosh Rahangadale1
1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, India.
Abstract:
The aim of this project was to study the clinical manifestations, neurobehavioral, hematobiochemical, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and histopathological changes during acrylamide toxicity in rats. A total of 30 adult male Wistar rats were divided in 5 equal groups and received 0, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg body weight acrylamide as oral gavage, while group 5 was micronucleus (MN) control. Functional observational battery (FOB) parameters were studied at the 28th day of post treatment. Toxicological manifestations were evident in acrylamide-treated rats from 14th day onward. FOB revealed a significant change in central nervous system, neuromuscular, and autonomic domains. The hematological changes include significant decrease in concentration of hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular volume. The biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin showed significant increase, while the levels of serum globulin and glucose were found to decrease significantly. The MN assay revealed the significant increase in frequencies of micronuclei and number of polychromatic erythrocytes. The oxidative stress parameters revealed no significant difference as compared to control rats. Histopathological changes observed in brain include neuronal degeneration, edema, and congestion, while spinal cord revealed demyelination in low-dose group and bilateral necrosis with malacia, liquefaction of white matter, and loss of myelin from gray matter in high-dose groups. The result indicates pathological alterations in brain and spinal cord and is responsible for neurobehavioral changes in rats. The FOB changes and histopathological alterations in spinal cord are in dose dependent to acrylamide intoxication. Various toxicological effects observed in experiment direct us to focus on a deep study and evaluate the possible causes pertaining to toxicity of this chemical. It would furnish the scientists with better options that would help them to search for a median path regarding the use of this chemical and take preventive measures to save the living beings from the hidden disasters of this chemical.
Insights
Acrylamide exposure in rats caused significant neurobehavioral and hematological changes, along with brain and spinal cord damage. Oxidative stress levels remained unchanged, but genotoxicity increased with dose.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Neuroscience
- Hematology
Background:
- Acrylamide is a common industrial chemical with known neurotoxic potential.
- Understanding its dose-dependent effects on various physiological systems is crucial for risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the comprehensive toxicological effects of acrylamide in rats.
- To evaluate neurobehavioral, hematobiochemical, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and histopathological changes.
Main Methods:
- Adult male Wistar rats were administered varying oral doses of acrylamide (0-20 mg/kg).
- Functional observational battery (FOB) assessed neurobehavioral changes.
- Hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress, and micronucleus (MN) assays were performed.
- Histopathological examination of brain and spinal cord tissues was conducted.
Main Results:
- Acrylamide induced significant neurobehavioral deficits, affecting central nervous, neuromuscular, and autonomic functions.
- Hematological parameters like hemoglobin and erythrocyte counts decreased, while liver enzymes increased.
- Genotoxicity, indicated by increased micronuclei frequencies, was dose-dependent.
- Histopathology revealed neuronal degeneration in the brain and demyelination/necrosis in the spinal cord.
Conclusions:
- Acrylamide toxicity causes significant dose-dependent neurobehavioral and histopathological alterations in rats.
- The observed changes in the central nervous system and spinal cord correlate with intoxication levels.
- Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and establish preventive measures against acrylamide toxicity.
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