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Updated: May 6, 2026

Visualizing Methane-Cycling Microbial Dynamics in Coastal Wetlands
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Methane emissions from natural wetlands.

Z Wang1, D Zeng, W H Patrick

  • 1Wetland Biogeochemistry Institute, Louisiana States University, 70803-7511, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
|November 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Wetlands are major sources of atmospheric methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas. Microbial processes in these saturated environments control both CH4 production and consumption.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Methane (CH4) is a significant greenhouse gas, with natural wetlands being a primary biogenic source.
  • Despite covering less than 5% of Earth's land, wetlands contribute substantially to global CH4 emissions, estimated at 20% of the annual total.
  • Tropical wetlands account for the largest share (60%) of wetland CH4 emissions, followed by northern (34%) and temperate (5%) systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of wetland ecosystems in the global carbon cycle.
  • To explain the microbiological processes of methanogenesis and methane oxidation in wetlands.
  • To identify and discuss key factors controlling methane dynamics in these environments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on wetland methane cycling.

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  • Analysis of factors influencing microbial CH4 production (methanogenesis).
  • Examination of factors affecting microbial CH4 consumption (methanotrophy).

    • Main Results:

    • Wetland ecosystems are characterized by saturated conditions, promoting anaerobic methanogenesis.
    • An oxic layer and rhizosphere facilitate CH4 oxidation by methanotrophs.
    • Methane dynamics are complex, influenced by eight key factors including carbon supply, redox status, pH, temperature, vegetation, salinity, hydrology, and CH4 oxidation.

    Conclusions:

    • Wetland ecosystems play a disproportionately large role in global methane emissions due to microbial activities.
    • Both the production and consumption of methane in wetlands are microbially mediated processes.
    • Understanding the controlling factors is crucial for predicting and potentially mitigating wetland CH4 emissions.