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Related Experiment Video

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Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
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Studying the default mode and its mindfulness-induced changes using EEG functional connectivity.

Aviva Berkovich-Ohana1, Joseph Glicksohn2, Abraham Goldstein2

  • 1The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Department of Criminology, and Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900 Israel. The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Department of Criminology, and Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900 Israel. Aviva.berkovich-ohana@weizmann.ac.il.

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
|November 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mindfulness meditation (MM) reduces default mode network (DMN) activity, as shown by electroencephalography functional connectivity (EEG-FC). MM decreases gamma and theta EEG-FC, correlating with meditation expertise and reduced mind-wandering.

Keywords:
default mode networkelectroencephalographyfunctional connectivitymean phase coherencemindfulness meditation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The default mode network (DMN) is crucial for self-referential thought and mind-wandering.
  • Previous DMN research primarily used neuroimaging; neurodynamic investigation via electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity (FC) is less explored.
  • Mindfulness meditation (MM) is theorized to modulate DMN activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the utility of EEG-FC for studying the DMN.
  • To investigate the effects of MM on DMN activity using EEG-FC.
  • To explore the relationship between MM expertise and EEG-FC changes.

Main Methods:

  • EEG-FC, specifically mean phase coherence (MPC), was employed to compare three MM groups with control groups.
  • EEG data were analyzed during resting state and a time production task.
  • Inter-hemispheric and intra-hemispheric FC across different frequency bands (theta, alpha, gamma) were examined.

Main Results:

  • DMN activity was characterized by reduced inter-hemispheric gamma MPC during task transition.
  • MM induced a state increase in alpha MPC and a trait decrease in overall EEG-FC.
  • MM-related EEG-FC decreases were observed in theta (right) and alpha/gamma (left) bands, irrespective of expertise.
  • Left gamma MPC showed a negative correlation with MM expertise, suggesting reduced internal verbalization.

Conclusions:

  • EEG-FC is a viable method for investigating DMN neurodynamics.
  • MM demonstrably alters DMN activity, supporting its role in reducing self-reference and mind-wandering.
  • The findings highlight the importance of studying meditation's impact on the DMN.