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Related Concept Videos

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles01:24

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles

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Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
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Corrosion02:49

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The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the blue-green patina that develops on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion involves the oxidation of metals. Sometimes it is protective, such as the oxidation of copper or aluminum, wherein a protective layer of metal oxide or its derivatives forms on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from further oxidation. In other cases, corrosion is...
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Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

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The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

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In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
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Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
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Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
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[Iron's ups and downs].

A Gilles1

  • 1Département de Médecine Interne, Clinique d'Hémato-Oncologie, CHU Saint-Pierre, Bruxelles. agilles@ulb.ac.be

Revue Medicale De Bruxelles
|November 8, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Iron deficiency is a common disorder, while high ferritin levels do not always indicate iron overload. Proper diagnosis requires understanding iron metabolism and using specific lab tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Iron is vital for cellular function, with systemic homeostasis challenged by dietary intake, blood loss, and increased demand.
  • Iron deficiency, a widespread condition, can lead to anemia, while iron overload can cause organ damage.
  • Functional iron deficiency occurs during inflammation, impacting red blood cell production despite adequate iron stores.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the diagnostic challenges in managing iron deficiency and overload.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding iron homeostasis.
  • To highlight the limitations of ferritin as a sole indicator of iron status.

Main Methods:

  • Review of iron metabolism and homeostasis regulation.
  • Analysis of diagnostic markers for iron deficiency and overload, including serum ferritin and transferrin saturation.
  • Discussion of clinical scenarios like anemia of chronic disorders and hyperferritinemia.

Main Results:

  • Low serum ferritin is highly specific for iron deficiency.
  • High ferritin levels (hyperferritinemia) are not always indicative of iron overload and can occur in other conditions.
  • A transferrin saturation cutoff of >45% may help differentiate iron overload from other causes of hyperferritinemia.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of iron deficiency and overload requires a comprehensive understanding of iron metabolism.
  • Clinical evaluation and appropriate laboratory tests are crucial for managing iron-related disorders.
  • Excluding other conditions is necessary before genetic testing for iron overload disorders.