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Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
Published on: July 21, 2020
Monocular and binocular development in children with albinism, infantile nystagmus syndrome, and normal vision
Bianca Huurneman1, F Nienke Boonstra
1Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen, The Netherlands .
Insights
Children with albinism and infantile nystagmus syndrome have greater differences in vision between eyes. Strabismus and nystagmus amplitude impact visual crowding in the poorer eye.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Vision
- Visual Neuroscience
Background:
- Albinism and infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) are common causes of visual impairment in children.
- These conditions often present with reduced visual acuity and other visual processing deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare interocular acuity differences, crowding ratios, and binocular summation ratios in children with albinism, INS, and normal vision.
- To identify predictors of visual crowding in these pediatric populations.
Main Methods:
- Evaluated 4- to 8-year-old children with albinism (n=16), INS (n=10), and normal vision (n=72).
- Measured interocular acuity differences and binocular summation ratios.
- Calculated crowding ratios using single vs. crowded Landolt C acuity.
- Used linear regression to assess predictors (nystagmus, strabismus, astigmatism, anisometropia) of crowding.
Main Results:
- Children with albinism and INS exhibited higher crowding ratios and larger interocular acuity differences than controls.
- Crowding ratios were elevated in albinism and INS under both monocular and binocular conditions.
- Strabismus and nystagmus amplitude significantly predicted crowding in the poorer eye.
- Binocular summation ratios did not differ between groups.
Conclusions:
- Children with albinism and INS demonstrate significant visual processing differences compared to normally sighted children.
- Interocular acuity differences are larger in these clinical groups.
- Visual crowding is influenced by strabismus and nystagmus characteristics, particularly in the poorer-seeing eye.
Background/Aims:
To compare interocular acuity differences, crowding ratios, and binocular summation ratios in 4- to 8-year-old children with albinism (n = 16), children with infantile nystagmus syndrome (n = 10), and children with normal vision (n = 72).
Methods:
Interocular acuity differences and binocular summation ratios were compared between groups. Crowding ratios were calculated by dividing the single Landolt C decimal acuity with the crowded Landolt C decimal acuity mono- and binocularly. A linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the contribution of 5 predictors to the monocular and binocular crowding ratio: nystagmus amplitude, nystagmus frequency, strabismus, astigmatism, and anisometropia.
Results:
Crowding ratios were higher under mono- and binocular viewing conditions for children with infantile nystagmus syndrome than for children with normal vision. Children with albinism showed higher crowding ratios in their poorer eye and under binocular viewing conditions than children with normal vision. Children with albinism and children with infantile nystagmus syndrome showed larger interocular acuity differences than children with normal vision (0.1 logMAR in our clinical groups and 0.0 logMAR in children with normal vision). Binocular summation ratios did not differ between groups. Strabismus and nystagmus amplitude predicted the crowding ratio in the poorer eye (p = 0.015 and p = 0.005, respectively). The crowding ratio in the better eye showed a marginally significant relation with nystagmus frequency and depth of anisometropia (p = 0.082 and p = 0.070, respectively). The binocular crowding ratio was not predicted by any of the variables.
Conclusions:
Children with albinism and children with infantile nystagmus syndrome show larger interocular acuity differences than children with normal vision. Strabismus and nystagmus amplitude are significant predictors of the crowding ratio in the poorer eye.
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