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Related Concept Videos

iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Intramuscular Transplantation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Pancreatic Endocrine Cells in Mice
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Stem cell applications in diabetes.

Hirofumi Noguchi

    Journal of Stem Cells
    |November 8, 2013
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Diabetes, a growing global health crisis, involves loss of insulin-producing islet cells. Research explores stem cell therapies and regenerative approaches to restore beta cell mass and potentially cure diabetes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Regenerative Medicine
    • Stem Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease with increasing global prevalence, characterized by insulin deficiency due to reduced islet cell mass.
    • Type 1 diabetes involves autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, while Type 2 diabetes features beta cell de-differentiation, apoptosis, and insulin resistance.
    • Islet transplantation success highlights the potential for beta cell replenishment as a cure for diabetes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current advancements in stem cell-based therapies for diabetes treatment.
    • To explore novel strategies for augmenting beta cell mass through regeneration and differentiation.
    • To discuss the potential of new technologies in generating insulin-producing cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on stem cell differentiation and beta cell regeneration.
    • Analysis of emerging technologies like protein transduction for inducing insulin production in stem cells.
    • Evaluation of pharmacological approaches for stimulating in vivo/ex vivo beta cell regeneration.

    Main Results:

    • Evidence suggests various adult stem/progenitor cells can differentiate into insulin-producing cells.
    • Overexpression of embryonic transcription factors shows promise in directing stem cell differentiation.
    • Protein transduction technology facilitates the generation of insulin-producing cells from stem cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Stem cell-based approaches offer promising avenues for diabetes treatment by replenishing beta cells.
    • Regenerative medicine and novel differentiation technologies are crucial for developing new diabetes therapies.
    • Continued research into diverse stem cell sources and differentiation methods is vital for advancing diabetes care.