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From principles to practice: a spatial approach to systematic conservation planning in the deep sea
L M Wedding1, A M Friedlander, J N Kittinger
1Department of Geography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, , 445 Saunders Hall, 2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, NOAA Biogeography Branch, , 1305 East-West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA, Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, , Edmondson Hall, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, , 1000 Pope Road, Marine Science Building 205, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California at Santa Barbara, , 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA, Center for Ocean Solutions, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, , 99 Pacific Street, Suite 555E, Monterey, CA 93940, USA.
Deep-sea mining is becoming more feasible. This study proposes a systematic conservation plan for marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone to balance economic interests with ecosystem conservation.
Area of Science:
- Marine Conservation Science
- Deep-Sea Ecology
- Spatial Planning
Background:
- Deep-sea mining is increasingly viable due to rising metal demand and technological advancements.
- Balancing economic interests with abyssal ecosystem conservation requires systematic spatial management.
- The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) is a key area targeted for deep-sea nodule mining.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop science-based recommendations for a marine protected area (MPA) network in the CCZ.
- To safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem function against deep-sea mining impacts.
- To inform the International Seabed Authority on spatial management strategies.
Main Methods:
- An expert-driven systematic conservation planning process was employed.
- Geospatial analysis and expert opinion were used to stratify the MPA network.
- Recommendations aimed to maximize unique seamounts and minimize socioeconomic impacts.
Main Results:
- A proposal for nine replicate 400 × 400 km MPAs was developed.
- The proposed MPA network covers 24% of the CCZ planning region.
- This represents a swift and pre-emptive conservation planning effort for a large deep-sea area.
Conclusions:
- The proposed MPA network provides a model for safeguarding deep-sea biodiversity.
- Scientific principles outlined can guide international ocean management and conservation.
- Proactive spatial planning is crucial as deep-sea resource extraction increases.
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