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Published on: March 12, 2013
Personality-dependent dispersal cancelled under predation risk
Julien Cote1, Sean Fogarty, Blaise Tymen
1Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, , Davis, CA, USA, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, ENFA; UMR5174EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), , 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France, Université de Toulouse; UMR5174 EDB, , Toulouse 31062, France, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, , Umeå, Sweden.
Dispersing mosquitofish were less social than residents without predation risk. However, predation risk negated personality-dependent dispersal, showing adaptive dispersal depends on phenotype-environment interactions.
Area of Science:
- Ecology
- Behavioral Ecology
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Dispersal is a key life-history trait influencing ecological dynamics.
- Dispersers often exhibit specialized phenotypes, such as increased boldness or exploration, compared to residents.
- The relationship between personality and dispersal is expected to vary with the ecological context driving dispersal.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether personality-dependent dispersal in mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) is influenced by predation risk.
- To determine if predation risk alters the behavioral traits associated with dispersal.
Main Methods:
- Mosquitofish were used as a model organism to study dispersal behavior.
- Experiments were conducted in environments with and without predation risk.
- Behavioral traits, specifically sociability, of dispersing and non-dispersing fish were compared.
Main Results:
- In the absence of predation risk, dispersing mosquitofish exhibited less social behavior than residents.
- Under predation risk, the difference in social behavior between dispersers and residents disappeared, negating personality-dependent dispersal.
- Predation risk altered the behavioral characteristics of dispersing individuals.
Conclusions:
- Personality-dependent dispersal is context-specific and can be overridden by strong ecological pressures like predation.
- Adaptive dispersal decisions are likely a result of complex interactions between an individual's phenotype and the prevailing environmental conditions.
- Future research should consider the interplay of environmental factors and individual traits when studying dispersal.
Related Concept Videos
Distribution and Dispersion
Predator-Prey Interactions
Frequency-dependent Selection
Genetic Drift
Habitat Fragmentation
Conservation of Declining Populations

