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Bracketed morality revisited: how do athletes behave in two contexts?

Maria Kavussanu1, Ian D Boardley, Sam S Sagar

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Summary

Sport participants show different moral behaviors depending on the context. This study extends bracketed morality to examine prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport versus university settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Sport Psychology
  • Moral Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Bracketed morality, previously studied in moral reasoning, suggests altered moral standards in sport.
  • Empirical support exists for bracketed morality in sport, but primarily concerning moral reasoning, not behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bracketed morality concerning moral behavior in sport and university contexts.
  • To examine prosocial and antisocial behaviors in both sport and university settings.
  • To explore the role of moral disengagement and goal orientation in mediating contextual effects on behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted with male and female participants (N=331 in Study 1; N=372 in Study 2).
  • Participants completed questionnaires assessing prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport and university contexts.
  • Study 2 included measures of moral disengagement and goal orientation in both contexts.

Main Results:

  • Behavior in sport contexts was highly correlated with behavior in university contexts.
  • Participants exhibited higher prosocial behavior toward teammates and higher antisocial behavior toward opponents in sport compared to university.
  • Moral disengagement and ego orientation partially mediated the contextual effects on antisocial behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The findings extend the concept of bracketed morality to encompass prosocial and antisocial behavior.
  • Context significantly influences moral behavior in sport, with specific patterns for prosocial and antisocial actions.
  • Moral disengagement and ego orientation play a role in how individuals adapt their behavior across different contexts.