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Updated: May 6, 2026

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
Published on: March 10, 2011
Translating the brain-machine interface
1SINAPSE Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Abstract:
Brain-machine and brain-computer interface technologies hold great promise for use in the recovery of sensory and motor functions lost as a result of nervous-system injuries or limb amputations. This Perspective describes the current state of noninvasive and invasive technologies with a view to potential applications. The scientific and technological challenges and barriers to translation are critically analyzed for a variety of approaches.

