[Recent progress in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus]

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology and Neurology
• Autoimmune Disorders
• Clinical Manifestations

Context:

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition impacting various organs.
• Neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE (NPSLE) significantly increase patient morbidity and mortality.
• NPSLE encompasses a spectrum of central and peripheral nervous system syndromes, including stroke, seizures, and psychosis.

Purpose:

• To outline the classification and clinical spectrum of NPSLE.
• To discuss current therapeutic strategies for SLE and NPSLE.
• To highlight the need for improved treatment approaches.

Summary:

• SLE is a multi-organ autoimmune disease with neuropsychiatric (NPSLE) complications.
• NPSLE presents with diverse neurological and psychiatric symptoms.
• Treatment aims to control disease activity, minimize corticosteroid use, and manage comorbidities.
• Intensive immunosuppression (e.g., cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil) is used for severe cases.
• Biologics like anti-BAFF, anti-CD20, and CTLA4-Ig are options for refractory disease.

Impact:

• Improved understanding of NPSLE's clinical significance.
• Provides an overview of current SLE and NPSLE treatment paradigms.
• Emphasizes the critical need for developing safer and more effective therapies for SLE and its neuropsychiatric manifestations.