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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

98
DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
714
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

663
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
663
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

41
Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1
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[Vasculitic peripheral neuropathy].

Yasushi Oya1

  • 1Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|November 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Vasculitic peripheral neuropathy, often painful, typically presents as sensory loss but can affect motor function. Early diagnosis via nerve biopsy is crucial for timely treatment and preventing permanent nerve damage.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Vasculitic peripheral neuropathy (VPN) is a painful condition often affecting sensory nerves.
  • It can progress from mononeuropathy to sensorimotor polyneuropathy.
  • Peripheral nerves are particularly susceptible to vasculitis.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of VPN.
  • To highlight the importance of histological confirmation for diagnosis.
  • To discuss differential diagnoses and treatment strategies.

Summary:

  • VPN typically manifests as sensory-dominant mononeuropathy, characterized by pain.
  • Nerve conduction studies may show reduced amplitudes, while Wallerian degeneration can mimic conduction block.

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  • Definitive diagnosis relies on nerve biopsy, with various preparation methods enhancing diagnostic yield.
  • Small-vessel vasculitis is the usual cause, though classification remains debated.
  • Infections and lymphoma are key differential diagnoses.

    • Impact:

    • Delayed diagnosis and treatment of VPN can lead to irreversible axonal degeneration, impairing daily activities and quality of life.
    • Prompt and appropriate treatment, including corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, is essential for managing disease activity and improving outcomes.
    • Understanding VPN's presentation and diagnostic pathways is vital for clinicians managing patients with suspected vasculitic involvement.