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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Editorial on the Special Issue: Regulation by non-coding RNAs.

Nicholas Delihas1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222 USA. nicholas.delihas@stonybrook.edu.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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PubMed
Summary

This special issue explores the regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. It highlights their multifaceted functions in cellular processes and disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key classes of ncRNAs with diverse functions.
  • Understanding ncRNA regulation is vital for comprehending cellular mechanisms and disease pathogenesis.

Discussion:

  • This special issue provides an in-depth analysis of the regulatory mechanisms governed by ncRNAs.
  • It covers the latest research on both miRNAs and lncRNAs.
  • The multifaceted roles of these molecules in normal cellular functions and disease states are explored.

Key Insights:

  • ncRNAs play significant roles in regulating fundamental cellular processes.
  • Dysregulation of ncRNAs is implicated in the progression of various diseases.
  • This collection offers a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of ncRNA research.

Outlook:

  • Future research will likely focus on therapeutic applications targeting ncRNAs.
  • Further elucidation of ncRNA networks will enhance our understanding of complex biological systems.
  • The field of ncRNA biology continues to rapidly evolve, promising new discoveries.