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Suicide reattempters: a systematic review.

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  • 1From the Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr. Mendez-Bustos); IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (Ms. de Leon-Martinez, and Drs. Baca-Garcia and Lopez-Castroman) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Dr. Miret), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Drs. Miret, Baca Garcia, and Lopez-Castroman); Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain (Dr. Miret); Department of Psychiatry, New York Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University (Dr. Baca-Garcia); and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1061, Montpellier, France (Dr. Lopez-Castroman).

Harvard Review of Psychiatry
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Summary
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Identifying suicide reattempters is crucial for targeted prevention. These individuals often face unemployment, mental health disorders, and stressful life events, highlighting the need for specialized interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Suicide reattempt is a significant public health concern.
  • Recognizing suicide reattempters as a distinct group can improve prevention strategies.
  • Previous research has not consistently defined or characterized this high-risk population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify characteristic features of suicide reattempters.
  • To analyze operational definitions of suicide reattempts in scientific literature.
  • To inform future clinical and preventive work with this subgroup.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies published between 2000 and 2012.
  • Searches conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases.
  • Inclusion/exclusion criteria applied to 1480 identified articles, selecting 86 for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Heterogeneous literature with no consensus on operational definitions of suicide reattempters.
  • Inconsistent comparison groups used in existing studies.
  • Suicide reattempters associated with higher rates of unemployment, unmarried status, mental disorders, suicidal ideation, stressful life events, and family history of suicidal behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to establish clear definitions for suicide reattempters.
  • Effective treatment plans require adequate differentiation of this high-risk population.
  • Targeted interventions can potentially reduce suicide deaths among reattempters.