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Gait control and executive dysfunction in early schizophrenia.

Elise Lallart1, Roland Jouvent, François R Herrmann

  • 1Emotion Center, CNRS UMR 3246, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Pavillon Clérambault 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France, eliselallart@yahoo.com.

Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
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Summary

Schizophrenia patients show increased gait variability during dual-tasking, particularly with verbal fluency tasks, indicating a link between executive dysfunction and motor impairments. This highlights motor coordination deficits in schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Dysexecutive functioning is a core feature of schizophrenia.
  • Gait disorders are associated with dysexecutive functioning, but under-reported in schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between executive dysfunction and gait performance in recent-onset schizophrenia.
  • To utilize the dual-task paradigm to assess gait in schizophrenia patients.

Main Methods:

  • 17 recent-onset schizophrenia patients and 15 healthy controls participated.
  • Executive functions assessed via Frontal Assessment Battery, Stroop, and Trail-Making tests.
  • Temporal gait parameters (CV of stride time) measured during single and dual tasks (walking with counting or verbal fluency) using SMTEC®-footswitch system.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients exhibited significantly higher stride-to-stride variability during dual-tasking compared to controls.
  • Verbal fluency dual-tasking showed a stronger impact on gait regularity (Cohen's d = 1.28) than other dual tasks.
  • The effect of dual-tasking on gait was insignificant during single-task walking.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with impaired gait control, particularly under cognitive load.
  • Executive dysfunction directly impacts gait performance and coordination in schizophrenia patients.
  • Findings support the notion that schizophrenia involves both cognitive and motor impairments.