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Updated: May 6, 2026

Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry
Published on: August 16, 2016
Alterations of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in human cancers
Christopher J Mariani1, Jozef Madzo, Erika L Moen
1Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC 2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. lgodley@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu.
Abstract:
Prior to 2009, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was thought to be the only biologically significant cytosine modification in mammalian DNA. With the discovery of the TET enzymes, which convert 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), however, intense interest has emerged in determining the biological function of 5-hmC. Here, we review the techniques used to study 5-hmC and evidence that alterations to 5-hmC physiology play a functional role in the molecular pathogenesis of human cancers.
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