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Moss interspecies comparisons in trace element concentrations.

H T Wolterbeek1, P Kuik, T G Verburg

  • 1Department of Radiochemistry, Delft University of Technology, Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands.

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Summary

This study compared elemental concentrations in moss species across Europe, finding that weighted calibration improved accuracy. Results highlight the need for interlaboratory analysis and certified reference materials for reliable moss biomonitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Biomonitoring
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Mosses are effective bioindicators for atmospheric deposition of elements.
  • European-scaled moss surveys are crucial for understanding regional elemental pollution.
  • Standardization of analytical methods is essential for interspecies comparisons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare elemental concentrations in various moss species across The Netherlands, Germany, and Switzerland.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of weighted calibration methods for interspecies elemental analysis.
  • To identify potential outliers and improve the reliability of moss-based elemental data.

Main Methods:

  • Sampling of five moss species (Pleurozium schreberi, Brachythecium rutabulum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hylocomium splendens, Scleropodium purum) across three European countries.
  • Elemental analysis using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES).
  • Estimation of local variations in element concentrations and application of weighted linear correlation for interspecies comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Weighted calibration, incorporating local variation data, generally improved calibration characteristics (e.g., reduced chi-squared values).
  • Significant correlations (P=0.05) were found for several interspecies comparisons using weighted calibrations.
  • Potential outliers in elemental concentrations were detected, underscoring the need for careful data interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • Weighted calibration methods enhance the accuracy of interspecies elemental concentration comparisons in mosses.
  • Interlaboratory analysis and the use of certified reference materials are recommended to address analytical challenges.
  • Geographically extensive applications of moss-based elemental data require cautious interpretation due to calibration uncertainties.