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Development of a chromosomal arm map for wheat based on RFLP markers.

J A Anderson1, Y Ogihara, M E Sorrells

  • 1Department of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Cornell University, 252 Emerson Hall, 14853-1902, Ithaca, NY, USA.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
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Summary

A new chromosomal map for wheat (Triticum aestivum) was created using DNA clones. This map aids in understanding wheat genome structure and evolutionary history.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Genetics and Genomics
  • Wheat Molecular Biology
  • Chromosomal Mapping

Background:

  • Understanding the genetic architecture of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is crucial for crop improvement.
  • Previous studies have utilized various techniques to map genes and DNA sequences within the wheat genome.
  • Aneuploid stocks provide valuable tools for dissecting the wheat genome and identifying chromosomal abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-resolution chromosomal arm map for common wheat.
  • To identify the locations of low-copy DNA clones within the wheat genome.
  • To investigate potential chromosomal translocations and rearrangements in ancestral wheat genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a chromosomal arm map using aneuploid stocks of Triticum aestivum.
  • Localization of over 800 restriction fragments from 210 low-copy DNA clones (barley, oat, wheat libraries).
  • Analysis of correlation between restriction fragment numbers, DNA content, and chromosome length.
  • Identification of chromosomal translocations using specific DNA clones.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive chromosomal arm map for common wheat was successfully constructed.
  • The number of restriction fragments per arm showed moderate correlation with relative DNA content and chromosome length.
  • Evidence supporting a two-step translocation event (4AL-5AL-7BS-4AL) in ancestral wheat genomes was identified.
  • An additional translocation involving a 5AL segment on 4AL was detected.
  • Anomalies in aneuploid stocks were attributed to intrahomoeologous recombination and polymorphisms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed chromosomal arm map serves as a valuable complement to existing RFLP linkage maps in wheat.
  • The findings provide insights into the evolutionary history and structural organization of the wheat genome.
  • This map facilitates further genetic and genomic studies in Triticum aestivum.