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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...

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Related Experiment Video

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

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Cognitive tuning, encoding, and the attribution of causality.

S G Harkens¹, J H Harvey, L Keithly

¹Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 02115, Boston, Massachusetts.

Memory & Cognition

|November 9, 2013

Summary

Giving participants a transmission set before viewing an event increased their attribution of causality to plausible agents. This also enhanced their memory for the event, supporting an encoding explanation for transmission-reception differences.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Social Psychology

Background:

Understanding how people attribute causality is crucial in social cognition.
Transmission-reception theory explores how communication goals influence judgment.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of transmission and reception sets on causal attribution.
To examine the effect of set timing (before vs. after viewing) on attribution and event recognition.

Main Methods:

Participants were assigned transmission or reception sets.
Sets were administered either before or after viewing a videotape of an event.
Attributional judgments and event recognition were measured.

Main Results:

Transmitters given a set before viewing made more extreme causal attributions.
Set administration after viewing did not yield the same attributional extremity.
Pre-viewing transmission sets improved event recognition.

Conclusions:

Data support an encoding interpretation of transmission-reception differences.
Cognitive set influences both causal attribution and memory encoding.