Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Deductive Reasoning01:16

Deductive Reasoning

59.5K
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the opposite direction as compared to inductive reasoning, which means that it uses a general principle or law to predict specific results. From those general principles, a scientist can deduce and predict the specific results that would be valid as long as the general principles are valid.
For example, a researcher can deduce specific predictions...
59.5K
Reasoning01:30

Reasoning

570
Reasoning is the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way. It is integral to problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking. Reasoning can be inductive or deductive. Reasoning involves transforming information into conclusions, which is essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking.
Inductive reasoning involves deriving generalizations from specific observations. This type of reasoning helps form beliefs about the world. For example,...
570
Inductive Reasoning00:59

Inductive Reasoning

59.0K
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in degrees to which the conclusions are credible. As such, inductive arguments can be weak or strong, rather than valid or invalid, and conclusions can be used to formulate testable, falsifiable hypotheses.
Inductive reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist makes observations and records them. This data can be qualitative or...
59.0K
Critical Thinking II01:25

Critical Thinking II

5.3K
Critical thinking is a cognitive process with several attributes. The attributes of critical thinking include the following:
5.3K
Theorems of Pappus and Guldinus: Problem Solving01:12

Theorems of Pappus and Guldinus: Problem Solving

1.2K
Pappus and Guldinus's theorems are powerful mathematical principles that are used for finding the surface area and volume of composite shapes. For example, consider a cylindrical storage tank with a conical top. Finding the surface area or volume can be challenging for such complex shapes. These theorems are particularly useful in calculating the volume and surface area of such systems. Here, the cylindrical storage tank with a conical top can be broken down into two simple shapes: a...
1.2K
Problem-Solving01:29

Problem-Solving

686
Effective problem-solving consists of two steps: 1. identifying the problem and 2. selecting the appropriate problem-solving strategy (i.e., a plan of action used to find a solution). Humans use four problem-solving strategies:
686

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness, and trait anxiety.

Psychological reports·1981
Same author

Self-report and fantasy correlates of death concern.

Psychological reports·1975
Same author

Death concern: measurement and correlates.

Psychological reports·1972
Same author

Prospective span as a cognitive ability.

Journal of consulting and clinical psychology·1969
Same author

The WAIS picture arrangement subtest as a measure of anticipation.

Journal of projective techniques & personality assessment·1967

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

1.2K

Error processes in syllogistic reasoning.

L S Dickstein1

  • 1Wellesley College, 02181, Wellesley, Massachusetts.

Memory & Cognition
|November 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study explains errors in deductive reasoning from invalid syllogisms. It proposes three new error processes: backward conclusion conversion, faulty information integration, and ignoring possibilities.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Reasoning
  • Deductive Inference

Background:

  • Previous theories on errors in deductive reasoning from invalid syllogisms include erroneous premise conversion, probabilistic inference, and feature selection.
  • These existing models do not fully explain errors in all 32 invalid categorical syllogisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel explanation for errors in deductive inferences from invalid syllogisms.
  • To focus on syllogisms where premise conversion errors are insufficient explanations.
  • To introduce three specific error processes: backward conclusion conversion, erroneous information integration, and failure to consider hypothetical possibilities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 32 invalid categorical syllogisms.
  • Development of a theoretical framework based on three proposed error processes.

More Related Videos

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.3K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

1.2K
Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.3K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.4K
  • Derivation of empirical predictions for syllogism difficulty and correlational patterns.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed three-process model accounts for errors in syllogisms not explained by premise conversion.
    • Empirical predictions regarding differential difficulty and correlations between premise combinations were derived.
    • Presented data support the derived empirical predictions, validating the proposed error processes.

    Conclusions:

    • The study offers a more comprehensive explanation for errors in deductive reasoning from invalid syllogisms.
    • Backward conclusion conversion, erroneous information integration, and failure to consider hypothetical possibilities are key error mechanisms.
    • The findings have implications for understanding cognitive processes in logical reasoning.