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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
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A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
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C-arm-Free Simultaneous OLIF51 and Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation in a Single Lateral Position
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The association between sacralization and spondylolisthesis.

Gali Dar1, Nathan Peled

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, Haifa University, Mount Carmel, 31905, Haifa, Israel, galidar@yahoo.com.

Anatomical Science International
|November 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sacralization, a vertebral anomaly, does not increase the risk of developing spondylolisthesis. This study found no association between sacralization and spondylolisthesis, challenging previous theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Spine Surgery
  • Radiology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Transitional vertebrae and their role in spondylolisthesis remain unclear.
  • Theoretically, sacralization may cause L4-L5 hypermobility, potentially leading to spondylolisthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between sacralization and spondylolisthesis.
  • To determine if sacralization is a risk factor for developing spondylolisthesis.

Main Methods:

  • CT scans of 436 patients were analyzed for sacralization and spondylolisthesis.
  • Patients were grouped based on the presence or absence of sacralization.
  • Age, sex, and lordosis angle were assessed as independent variables.

Main Results:

  • Sacralization was present in 13.1% of individuals and was independent of age and gender.
  • Spondylolisthesis was identified in 7.3% of individuals, age-dependent but not gender-dependent.
  • No significant association was found between sacralization and spondylolisthesis (P>0.05).
  • The mean lordosis angle was higher in the spondylolisthesis group (60.41°) compared to the non-spondylolisthesis group (50.84°).
  • No association was found between sacralization and lordosis angle.

Conclusions:

  • Sacralization is not associated with an increased risk of developing spondylolisthesis.
  • Sacralization should not be considered a direct cause of degenerative spondylolisthesis.