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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide...
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Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
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Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
Orogastric (OG) and nasogastric (NG) feeding are two standard methods used for enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition is often preferred over...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
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Pyloric Obstruction01:11

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Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
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Dysphagia after pediatric functional hemispherectomy.

Robert T Buckley1, Tiffany Morgan, Russell P Saneto

  • 1Departments of Neurological Surgery.

Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
|November 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional hemispherectomy in children frequently causes new-onset swallowing problems (dysphagia). Most cases resolve within weeks, but some patients with prior issues may have longer-lasting dysphagia after epilepsy surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Swallowing Disorders

Background:

  • Functional hemispherectomy is a treatment for intractable unihemispheric epilepsy in children.
  • Motor deficits are known, but effects on other cortical functions like swallowing are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and severity of dysphagia after functional hemispherectomy in pediatric epilepsy patients.
  • To characterize swallowing function post-hemispherectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 39 pediatric patients undergoing hemispherectomy.
  • Analysis of clinical records, pre- and post-operative MR images, and speech pathology assessments.
  • Recording of dysphagia presence, type, and duration.

Main Results:

  • New-onset dysphagia occurred in 26% of patients; 15% experienced worsening of existing dysphagia.
  • Symptoms lasted a median of 19 days, with longer duration for pharyngeal dysfunction.
  • Neonatal stroke reduced dysphagia risk; no association with seizure freedom or hydrocephalus.

Conclusions:

  • New-onset dysphagia is a common and significant outcome of hemispherectomy for pediatric epilepsy.
  • Dysphagia was generally self-limited, except in patients with pre-existing swallowing difficulties.