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The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Pairing in few-fermion systems with attractive interactions.

G Zürn1, A N Wenz, S Murmann

  • 1Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

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Ultracold fermionic atoms with attractive interactions reveal pair correlations in even-numbered systems. Tunneling dynamics show an odd-even effect in interaction energies, mirroring nuclear physics observations.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Quantum Many-Body Systems
  • Ultracold Atom Experiments

Background:

  • Few-particle systems of ultracold atoms provide a controllable platform for studying quantum phenomena.
  • Understanding interactions and correlations is crucial for few-body physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate quantum correlations in quasi-one-dimensional few-fermion systems.
  • Characterize interaction energies and their dependence on particle number.
  • Explore the odd-even effect in few-fermion systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing ultracold fermionic atoms in two spin states with attractive interactions.
  • Deforming the trapping potential to probe system dynamics.
  • Observing particle tunneling out of the trap to analyze behavior.

Main Results:

  • Observed tunneling behavior deviating from single-particle predictions for even particle numbers.
  • Inferred the existence of pair correlations in even-numbered systems.
  • Identified strong odd-even effects in interaction energies based on tunneling time scales.

Conclusions:

  • Few-fermion systems exhibit emergent pair correlations driven by attractive interactions.
  • The observed odd-even effect in interaction energies provides a link between atomic and nuclear few-body physics.
  • Tunneling dynamics serve as a sensitive probe for interaction-driven correlations in quantum systems.