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Protein surface analysis. Methods for identifying antigenic determinants and other interaction sites.

T P Hopp

    Journal of Immunological Methods
    |April 3, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Identifying protein antigenic sites is crucial for understanding infectious organisms. Hydrophilicity scales, focusing on charged and polar amino acids, accurately pinpoint these sites and reveal other protein interaction features.

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    Area of Science:

    • Protein bioinformatics
    • Immunology
    • Structural biology

    Background:

    • Current methods for identifying protein features like antigenic determinants rely on amino acid scales.
    • These scales often reflect amino acid occurrence in protein surfaces or secondary structures.
    • Water solubility scales, particularly hydrophilicity scales, have shown the most success.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of hydrophilicity scales in identifying antigenic determinants.
    • To explore the utility of hydrophilicity profiles for predicting other protein interaction sites.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing hydrophilicity scales based on amino acid properties, emphasizing charged and polar residues.
    • Analyzing hydrophilicity profiles to predict surface-exposed regions and potential antigenic sites.

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  • Correlating predicted sites with known antigenic determinants in infectious organisms.

    • Main Results:

    • Hydrophilicity scales, especially those balancing positive and negative charges, accurately identify major antigenic sites on proteins.
    • The method demonstrates high success rates for well-characterized infectious organisms.
    • Hydrophilicity profiles also provide insights into membrane-spanning segments and other protein interaction sites.

    Conclusions:

    • Hydrophilicity profiling is a robust method for pinpointing antigenic determinants in proteins.
    • This approach offers valuable information for understanding protein structure and function, including interactions and membrane localization.
    • The findings have implications for vaccine development and drug targeting against infectious diseases.