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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

3.7K
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

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Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

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Enzymatically driven transport: a kinetic theory for nuclear export.

Sanghyun Kim1, M Elbaum

  • 1Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Biophysical Journal
|November 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear export, unlike import, is unidirectional due to GTP hydrolysis. A new mathematical model reveals a pseudolinear relationship between protein distribution and kinetic rates in receptor-mediated nuclear export.

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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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Using LEXY and LINuS Optogenetics Tools and Automated Image Analysis to Quantify Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Dynamics in Live Cells
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Using LEXY and LINuS Optogenetics Tools and Automated Image Analysis to Quantify Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Dynamics in Live Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Nuclear import and export are critical cellular processes involving transport receptors and the nuclear pore.
  • Nuclear import involves reversible receptor-GTP binding, allowing balanced bidirectional exchange.
  • Nuclear export is characterized by irreversible GTP hydrolysis, leading to unidirectional transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mathematical model for receptor-mediated nuclear export.
  • To predict protein distributions and kinetic rates in nuclear export.
  • To investigate the relationship between protein distribution and kinetic rates.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling of nuclear export.
  • Permeabilized cell experiments.
  • Live cell imaging and measurements.

Main Results:

  • A concise mathematical model for nuclear export was developed.
  • The model predicts protein distributions and kinetic rates.
  • An unexpected pseudolinear relationship was observed between protein distribution and kinetic rates.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model accurately predicts nuclear export dynamics.
  • The findings provide insights into the unidirectional nature of nuclear export.
  • Experimental validation supports the model's predictions.