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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells
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Gating pluripotency via nuclear pores.

Jiping Yang1, Ning Cai1, Fei Yi2

  • 1National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

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|November 12, 2013
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Summary

Pluripotency may be controlled by a nuclear pore network regulating key factors. Understanding this mechanism enhances knowledge of cell development and disease modeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Growing evidence suggests a link between nuclear pore complexes and cell pluripotency.
  • Pluripotency factors are crucial for embryonic development and stem cell function.
  • Dysregulation of pluripotency is implicated in various human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of a nuclear-pore-coordinated network in regulating pluripotency.
  • To elucidate how this network controls pluripotency factor levels within the nucleus.
  • To enhance understanding of cell pluripotency and differentiation processes.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating the interaction between nuclear pore components and pluripotency factors.
  • Utilizing advanced microscopy techniques to visualize nuclear pore function.
  • Employing molecular biology tools to assess the impact on gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports a nuclear-pore-coordinated network regulating pluripotency factor nuclear import/export.
  • Specific nuclear pore proteins are identified as key regulators of pluripotency factor levels.
  • The network's activity correlates with the maintenance or loss of pluripotency.

Conclusions:

  • A nuclear-pore-coordinated network is a critical regulator of cell pluripotency.
  • This regulatory mechanism offers new insights into early embryogenesis and cell differentiation.
  • Targeting this network may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for diseases involving pluripotency defects.