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Imported strongyloidiasis in Spain.

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Imported strongyloidiasis, often asymptomatic, affects travelers and immigrants. Diagnosis requires considering serology and stool tests, especially with eosinophilia, to prevent hyperinfection.

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic infection caused by *Strongyloides stercoralis*.
  • Imported cases are increasingly recognized in non-endemic regions.
  • Understanding epidemiological and clinical patterns is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical characteristics of imported strongyloidiasis.
  • To identify key diagnostic indicators and patient groups at risk.
  • To inform clinical suspicion and management strategies in a referral center.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records.
  • Diagnosis confirmed by stool analysis and/or *Strongyloides stercoralis* serology.
  • Data collected on patient demographics, travel history, symptoms, and laboratory findings.

Main Results:

  • 178 cases of imported strongyloidiasis were identified.
  • One-third of cases were travel-related, often from short trips.
  • Nearly half of the cases were asymptomatic, with no significant clinical differences between immigrants and travelers.

Conclusions:

  • Strongyloidiasis should be suspected in travelers and immigrants, even if asymptomatic.
  • Elevated IgE or eosinophilia warrant investigation for strongyloidiasis.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are essential, particularly in immunocompromised individuals like HIV patients, to prevent hyperinfection syndrome.