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Selection for local adaptation in a plant breeding programme.

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Selecting crop cultivars for high-yield environments unintentionally favors high stability regressions. For adaptation to poor environments, especially in developing agriculture, low regressions are needed. Systematic selection in poor environments is crucial, not just testing after high-environment selection.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Breeding
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cultivar yield stability is often measured by regression analysis across diverse environments.
  • Selection for high-yield environments typically results in cultivars with high regression coefficients, indicating poor adaptation to low-yield conditions.
  • This poses challenges for agriculture in developing regions requiring adaptation to marginal environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the exploitation of genotype-by-environment (GE) interactions for improving cultivar adaptation to poor environments.
  • To propose a theoretical framework for selecting cultivars with low regression coefficients for enhanced stability in low-yield conditions.
  • To highlight the need for systematic selection strategies in target environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized simulation modeling to explore the effects of selection strategies on cultivar performance across environments.
  • Developed a theoretical approach based on genotype-by-environment (GE) interactions.
  • Analyzed the relationship between selection environments and cultivar regression coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Simulations demonstrated that systematic selection in poor environments is necessary for developing cultivars adapted to such conditions.
  • High-yield selection environments inadvertently select for high regression coefficients, limiting adaptability to poor environments.
  • Exploiting GE interactions can significantly reduce correlated responses across environments, potentially to zero.

Conclusions:

  • Cultivar selection strategies must be tailored to the target environment, particularly for marginal conditions.
  • Systematic selection in poor environments is essential for achieving adaptation and stability in those settings.
  • Further experimental studies are needed to validate the theoretical predictions regarding GE interactions and cultivar stability.