Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Halogens03:01

Halogens

17.2K
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
17.2K
Electron Affinity03:07

Electron Affinity

32.6K
The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
32.6K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

6.6K
Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
6.6K
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence01:26

Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence

4.0K
Fluorescence and phosphorescence are essential phenomena in fields like analytical chemistry, biological imaging, and materials science, where they detect molecular properties and visualize cellular structures. Understanding the variables that influence these luminescent behaviors is crucial for maximizing accuracy and efficiency in their applications. These variables can broadly be grouped into chemical structure, solvent properties, and external conditions, each playing a distinct role in...
4.0K
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

1.9K
Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
1.9K
Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases

16.5K

The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
16.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the investigation and management of generalized pruritus in adults without an underlying dermatosis, 2018.

The British journal of dermatology·2018
Same author

Sources of halogens in the environment, influences on human and animal health.

Environmental geochemistry and health·2013
Same author

The geochemistry of iodine - a review.

Environmental geochemistry and health·2013
Same author

Iodine in the soils of North Derbyshire.

Environmental geochemistry and health·2013
Same author

Heavy metal contamination in the Tanat Valley, North Wales.

Environmental geochemistry and health·2013
Same author

Aluminium and heavy metals in potable waters of the north Ceredigion area, mid-Wales.

Environmental geochemistry and health·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
09:04

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

14.1K

Fluorine in the UK environment.

R Fuge1, M J Andrews

  • 1Centre for Applied Geochemistry, Institute of Earth Studies, University College of Wales, SY23 3DB, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales.

Environmental Geochemistry and Health
|November 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Fluorine in drinking water benefits teeth and bones, but high levels cause deformities. This study maps UK fluorine levels in soil, water, and plants, identifying pollution hotspots.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Low fluorine concentrations (≤ 1 mg F/l) in drinking water reduce dental caries and benefit bone formation.
  • Elevated dietary fluorine can lead to increased dental caries and bone deformities.
  • Fluorine is found in minerals like apatite, hydroxysilicate, and fluorite, with fluorite being a key fluorine-containing rock-forming mineral.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically assess fluorine concentrations in UK soils, plants, and natural waters.
  • To identify areas with naturally enhanced fluorine levels and anthropogenic sources of fluorine pollution.
  • To understand the distribution and potential environmental impact of fluorine in the UK.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fluorine concentrations in soil, water, and plant samples across various UK regions.

More Related Videos

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique
07:06

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique

Published on: September 28, 2022

1.8K
Implementation of a Hyperbolic Vortex Plasma Reactor for the Removal of Micropollutants in Water
06:35

Implementation of a Hyperbolic Vortex Plasma Reactor for the Removal of Micropollutants in Water

Published on: July 25, 2025

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
09:04

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

14.1K
Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique
07:06

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique

Published on: September 28, 2022

1.8K
Implementation of a Hyperbolic Vortex Plasma Reactor for the Removal of Micropollutants in Water
06:35

Implementation of a Hyperbolic Vortex Plasma Reactor for the Removal of Micropollutants in Water

Published on: July 25, 2025

1.4K
  • Identification of geological formations and mining activities contributing to elevated fluorine levels.
  • Investigation of atmospheric fluorine pollution from industrial sources.

    • Main Results:

    • General background soil fluorine levels range from 200-400 mg F/kg, with average water fluorine content <0.1 mg F/l.
    • Enhanced fluorine levels detected in the northern Pennines (soils up to 20,000 mg F/kg), Derbyshire, northeast Wales, and Cornwall.
    • Fluorine-rich granites in southwest England and mining waste contribute to high soil (up to 3,300 mg F/kg) and water (up to 1.25 mg F/l) fluorine concentrations.
    • Atmospheric fluorine pollution from brickworks, smelters, and fossil fuel burning documented in specific areas.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant regional variations in fluorine concentrations exist in the UK.
    • Both natural geological sources and anthropogenic activities contribute to elevated environmental fluorine levels.
    • Further research is needed to fully assess the health and environmental implications of fluorine distribution and pollution in the UK.