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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Heart rate turbulence.

Iwona Cygankiewicz1

  • 1Department of Electrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Sterling Regional Center for Heart Diseases, 91-425 Lodz, Poland.

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
|November 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Heart rate turbulence (HRT), a measure of heart rate response to premature beats, helps identify autonomic dysfunction. Abnormal HRT indicates higher risk for mortality, especially in heart failure and post-heart attack patients.

Keywords:
ATRAMIBRSCARISMACHFCICRTCardiac Arrhythmias and Risk Stratification after Acute Myocardial InfarctionEMIATEPHESUSEplerenone Post-AMI Heart Failure Efficacy and SurvivalEuropean Myocardial Infarction Amiodarone TrialFINGERFINland and GERmany Post-infarctionGISSI-HFHRHRTHRVHeart failureHeart rate turbulenceHeart rate variabilityICDISAR-HRTInnovative Stratification of Arrhythmic RiskLVEFMPIPMUSICMuerte Subita en Insufficiencia CardiacaMulticenter Postinfarction ProgramREFINERisk stratificationSDNNSudden deathT wave alternansTOTSTWAThe Autonomic Tone and Reflexes after Myocardial InfarctionThe Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico Heart FailureThe Risk Estimation Following Infarction Non-invasive EvaluationVPBVTbaroreflex sensitivitycardiac resynchronization therapychronic heart failureconfidence intervalhazard ratioheart rate turbulenceheart rate variabilityimplantable cardioverter defibrillatorleft ventricular ejection fractionstandard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervalsturbulence onsetturbulence slopeventricular premature beatventricular tachycardia

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Function
  • Baroreflex Sensitivity

Background:

  • Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is a biphasic heart rate reaction to premature ventricular beats, mediated by the baroreflex.
  • HRT quantifies heart rate acceleration (turbulence onset) and deceleration (turbulence slope) post-premature beat.
  • Abnormal HRT is linked to autonomic dysfunction and impaired baroreflex sensitivity across various conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical significance of HRT in detecting autonomic dysfunction.
  • To examine the prognostic value of HRT in predicting mortality and sudden death.
  • To discuss HRT's role in risk stratification for specific patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on heart rate turbulence.
  • Analysis of studies investigating HRT in autonomic dysfunction.
  • Evaluation of prognostic studies linking HRT to mortality and sudden death.

Main Results:

  • Impaired HRT identifies patients with autonomic dysfunction and impaired baroreflex sensitivity.
  • Abnormal HRT is a significant predictor of all-cause mortality and sudden death, particularly in post-infarction and heart failure patients.
  • HRT aids in risk stratification for heart failure and post-infarction patients with preserved ejection fraction.

Conclusions:

  • HRT is a valuable tool for assessing autonomic function and baroreflex sensitivity.
  • Abnormal HRT has significant prognostic implications, identifying high-risk individuals for mortality and sudden death.
  • Further research and clinical trials are evaluating HRT's role in guiding therapeutic interventions like defibrillator implantation.