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Updated: May 6, 2026

A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials
Published on: May 18, 2015
Reproducibility for linear and nonlinear micro-finite element simulations with density derived material properties of
David Christen1, Alexander Zwahlen, Ralph Müller
1Institute for Biomechanics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Nonlinear finite element (FE) simulations using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) data are reproducible for bone strength assessment. New indices from nonlinear FE analysis offer insights beyond linear models.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Medical Imaging
- Computational Science
Background:
- Finite element (FE) simulations using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) are established for bone strength estimation.
- Previous studies confirmed the reproducibility of HRpQCT and linear-elastic FE analysis.
- The reproducibility of density-derived nonlinear FE simulations remained unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the in vitro reproducibility of nonlinear FE simulations for bone strength.
- To introduce novel mechanical indices from nonlinear FE analysis describing yielding and maximal load behavior.
- To compare the reproducibility of nonlinear FE simulations with linear FE simulations.
Main Methods:
- Utilized 14 embalmed human forearms, with each imaged three times.
- Performed nonlinear finite element simulations incorporating density-derived material properties.
- Calculated precision errors (PEs) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for reproducibility assessment.
Main Results:
- Nonlinear FE simulations demonstrated high in vitro reproducibility, comparable to linear FE simulations.
- Precision errors for nonlinear simulations ranged from 0.4% to 3.2%.
- Intraclass correlation coefficients for nonlinear simulations consistently exceeded 0.9.
Conclusions:
- Nonlinear FE simulations with density-derived material properties are reproducible for bone strength analysis.
- These nonlinear simulations provide valuable mechanical insights independent of linear FE results.
- Novel indices from nonlinear FE analysis enhance understanding of bone failure mechanisms.
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