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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Polarization delivery in heterodyne interferometry.

E Massa, G Mana, J Krempel

    Optics Express
    |November 13, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Optically heterodyned laser interferometry uses polarization states to measure displacement. Polarization jitter introduces noise, but a new formula quanties this noise based on the laser

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Optically heterodyned laser interferometry is crucial for precise linear displacement measurements.
    • Encoding different optical frequencies onto unique polarization states is a key requirement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address and quantify noise in optically heterodyned laser interferometry.
    • To eliminate non-linear contributions to the interferometer signal.

    Main Methods:

    • Introducing frequency difference after beam splitting.
    • Recombining interfering beams via spatially separated paths.
    • Analyzing noise originating from polarization jitter of frequency-shifted beams.

    Main Results:

    • A formula is derived to express the beat-signal phase noise amplitude.

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  • The noise amplitude is directly related to the illuminating beam's extinction ratio.

    • Conclusions:

    • The study provides a method to quantify phase noise in laser interferometry caused by polarization jitter.
    • Understanding the impact of extinction ratio is vital for improving measurement accuracy.