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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Materials science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SSPDs) are crucial for quantum information processing and sensitive measurements.
    • Achieving high system detection efficiency (SDE) and high counting rates simultaneously in SSPDs remains a challenge, particularly with low filling factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design, fabricate, and characterize SSPDs with low filling factors that achieve high SDE and counting rates.
    • To investigate the relationship between device design, optical absorptance, and detector performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulations were employed to optimize device design for high optical absorptance.
    • SSPDs with varying filling factors (18-50%) were fabricated.
    • System detection efficiency (SDE) was systematically measured for the fabricated devices.

    Main Results:

    • Numerical simulations demonstrated that optical absorptance can be maximized in low-filling-factor SSPDs through careful device design.
    • Fabricated SSPDs with filling factors ranging from 18% to 50% exhibited high SDEs between 61% and 80%.
    • The SSPD with the lowest filling factor (18%) achieved a notable SDE of 69%.

    Conclusions:

    • Low-filling-factor SSPDs can achieve high system detection efficiency and counting rates simultaneously.
    • Device design optimization is key to enhancing optical absorptance and overall detector performance.
    • These findings pave the way for more efficient single-photon detection in various applications.