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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors
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Epigenetics and colorectal cancer pathogenesis.

Kankana Bardhan1, Kebin Liu

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, and Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Kliu@gru.edu.

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Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, are crucial in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Understanding these epigenetic changes offers new avenues for CRC diagnosis and therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from accumulated genetic mutations, often involving the Wnt signaling pathway.
  • Epigenetic alterations, particularly in promoter regions of key genes, significantly contribute to CRC pathogenesis.
  • Epigenetic regulation involves DNA methylation and histone modifications, impacting gene expression in cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of epigenetic modifications in colorectal cancer development.
  • To highlight the significance of DNA methylation and histone modifications in CRC pathogenesis.
  • To explore the potential of epigenetic alterations as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the colorectal cancer epigenome.
  • Assessment of DNA methylation patterns in CRC.
  • Investigation of histone modifications and chromatin conformation in CRC cells.

Main Results:

  • Nearly all colorectal cancers exhibit aberrantly methylated genes, with thousands of such genes in the average CRC methylome.
  • Specific histone modifications and chromatin structures, alongside DNA methylation, regulate gene expression in CRC.
  • Both DNA methylation and histone modifications are identified as reversible processes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic dysregulation is a fundamental aspect of colorectal cancer pathogenesis.
  • Aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications are hallmarks of CRC.
  • The reversibility of epigenetic changes presents opportunities for developing novel CRC diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.