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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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Author Spotlight: Evaluating Traditional Chinese Therapy for Ankylosing Spondylitis in Mice
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Ankylosing spondylitis: an update.

Vera Golder1, Lionel Schachna

  • 1MBBS, Advanced Trainee in Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria.

Australian Family Physician
|November 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis are often diagnosed late. Early detection using MRI and treatment with NSAIDs or TNF inhibitors can slow progression and improve quality of life.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) affects 1 in 200 individuals, often diagnosed years after symptom onset.
  • Chronic back pain is a common symptom, but early diagnosis of AS requires high clinical suspicion.
  • Elevated inflammatory markers and radiographic changes are not always present in early disease stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA).
  • To highlight nr-axSpA as an early presentation of AS, preceding radiographic sacroiliitis.
  • To discuss the progression of nr-axSpA to AS in 50% of patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on AS and nr-axSpA.
  • Analysis of diagnostic utility of MRI and X-rays for sacroiliitis.

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  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies including NSAIDs and TNF inhibitors.

    • Main Results:

    • MRI is valuable for early AS detection; X-rays are better for chronic sacroiliitis.
    • Regular NSAID use may slow radiographic progression in AS patients.
    • TNF inhibitor therapy significantly improves quality of life for non-responders to NSAIDs.

    Conclusions:

    • Early diagnosis of AS and nr-axSpA is crucial for effective management.
    • A combination of imaging and clinical assessment aids early detection.
    • Pharmacological interventions, including NSAIDs and TNF inhibitors, offer significant benefits.