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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an update on medication adherence and persistence in children, adolescents

Rana Ahmed1, Parisa Aslani

  • 1Room N502, Pharmacy Building (A15), The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006 Australia.

Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research
|November 14, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Treatment adherence in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is complex, with rates varying widely. Factors like medication type and family support significantly impact adherence, necessitating standardized measurement approaches for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Psychiatry
  • Pharmacological Adherence Research

Background:

  • Suboptimal treatment adherence hinders patient outcomes across chronic conditions.
  • Pediatric populations, particularly those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), present unique adherence challenges.
  • Non-adherence rates in ADHD studies range significantly, from 15% to 87%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors influencing treatment adherence and persistence in pediatric ADHD.
  • To highlight the complexities and variability in ADHD adherence research.
  • To underscore the need for standardized definitions and measurement in adherence studies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining adherence and persistence in pediatric ADHD.
  • Analysis of factors associated with both increased and decreased adherence/persistence.
  • Synthesis of findings to identify common themes and challenges.

Main Results:

  • Adherence is positively influenced by long-acting formulations, younger age, Caucasian background, family structure, and treated comorbidities.
  • Non-adherence is associated with multiple daily doses, ADHD family history, adverse effects, stigma, and perceived treatment inefficacy.
  • Significant variability in reported non-adherence rates indicates complex influencing factors.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to ADHD treatment is multifactorial, influenced by patient, family, and treatment characteristics.
  • Current research demonstrates a wide range of adherence rates, reflecting diverse methodologies.
  • Standardized definitions and measurement tools are crucial for advancing ADHD adherence research and improving clinical outcomes.

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