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Pseudogenes.

C D Wilde

    CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pseudogenes are DNA sequences similar to functional genes but unable to produce a product. These non-functional gene copies, found in many genomes, may offer insights into gene evolution.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Evolutionary Biology

    Background:

    • Pseudogenes are homologous to functional genes but lack the ability to produce a functional product due to mutations or absent regulatory elements.
    • They are prevalent in eukaryotic genomes and have been identified for various gene families, including globins, snRNAs, and immunoglobulins.
    • Two main origins are proposed: mutation in duplicated genes or reverse transcription of mRNA followed by genomic integration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the nature and origins of pseudogenes.
    • To highlight their structural characteristics and potential evolutionary significance.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of DNA sequences.
    • Identification of structural features (e.g., lack of promoters, introns, oligoA tracts).

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  • Inference of evolutionary origins based on structural evidence.

    • Main Results:

    • Pseudogenes are common in eukaryotic genomes, arising from various functional genes.
    • Two distinct formation mechanisms are suggested: mutation of duplicated genes and retrotransposition of mRNA.
    • Retrotransposed pseudogenes are characterized by intron absence and 3' oligoA tracts.

    Conclusions:

    • Pseudogenes, though non-functional, are significant genomic components.
    • They represent evolutionary byproducts but also potential sources for new gene evolution.
    • Understanding pseudogene formation provides insights into genome dynamics and evolution.