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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

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Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Detection and Isolation of Apoptotic Bodies to High Purity
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Detection and Isolation of Apoptotic Bodies to High Purity

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Dissecting apoptosis the omics way.

Petra Van Damme1

  • 1Petra Van Damme is at the Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, and Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium petra.vandamme@vib-ugent.be.

Elife
|November 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes transcription, translation, and protein degradation to understand how an anticancer drug impacts tumor cells globally. The findings offer insights into the drug's comprehensive effects on cancer cell biology.

Keywords:
apoptosiscaspasemyelomaproteomicsribosome profiling

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Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
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Measuring Composition of CD95 Death-Inducing Signaling Complex and Processing of Procaspase-8 in this Complex
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Measuring Composition of CD95 Death-Inducing Signaling Complex and Processing of Procaspase-8 in this Complex
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Anticancer drug efficacy is often limited by complex cellular responses.
  • Understanding the multifaceted effects of drugs on tumor cells is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the global impact of a specific anticancer drug on tumor cells.
  • To elucidate the drug's effects on key cellular processes including transcription, translation, and protein degradation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a combined analysis approach.
  • Monitored transcription, translation, and protein degradation pathways simultaneously.
  • Assessed global changes within tumor cells following drug treatment.

Main Results:

  • The study revealed significant global alterations in transcription, translation, and protein degradation.
  • Identified specific molecular pathways affected by the anticancer drug.
  • Quantified the overall cellular response to the therapeutic agent.

Conclusions:

  • The anticancer drug exerts broad effects on tumor cell molecular machinery.
  • Combined analysis provides a comprehensive view of drug action.
  • These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of anticancer drug mechanisms.